GOVERNANCE and SUSTAINABILITY

GOVERNANCE

definition: is an act of governing. it is about decision regarding expectation, grant power or verify the performance. 

from the lecture, governance is responsible for:

1. promotes, supports and sustains human development which focus on the poorest and marginal
2. exercise of economic, political and administrative authority which for mechanism, processes and institutions
3. citizens and groups need to articulate interest, exercise legal rights, meet obligations and mediate the differences.

Good Governance  is about participatory, transparent and accountable and promoted the rule of law. it has 3 aspect to concern about which are:

1. economic - is about decision making process regarding country's economic activities
2. political - is a process of decision making to formulate policy
3. administrative - is about implementation of the policy

 there are 9 aspects of governance that to bear about which are:

1. Participation - it is about participation of all
2. Rule of law - it must be fair and enforced impartially
3. Transparency - information provided and receive freely
4. Responsive - it is serve for all
5. Consensus - it allow public interest
6. Equity - it is about opportunities to improve well being
7. Effectiveness or Efficiency - it is to meet the needs
8. Accountability - it is accountable to public interest
9. Vision - it has future perspective 

there are 3 domains of governance which are related:

• the state - ›

- Upholding the rights of the vulnerable

- Protecting the environment

- Maintaining stable macroeconomic conditions- Maintaining standards of public health and safety for all at an affordable cost- Mobilising resources to provide essential public services and infrastructure- Maintaining order, security and social harmony

• the private sector 

›The primary source of productive employment

›States can foster private sector development:

o Creating a stable macroeconomic environment.

o Maintaining competitive markets.

o Ensuring that the poor (especially women) have easy access to credit.

o Nurturing enterprises that generate the most jobs and opportunities.

o Attracting investment and helping to transfer knowledge and technologies, particularly to the poor.

o Enforcing the rule of law.

o Providing incentives for human resource development.

o Protecting the environment and natural resources.

• civil of society 

- ›Protect the rights of all citizens

- ›Dynamism

- ›Channel people's participation in economic and social activities

›- Enhance social capital

FROM THE LECTURE, IT CAN BE CONCLUDE THAT

Sustainable human development depends on a state that governs well, a private sector that provides jobs and income, civil society that mobilise society to participate in economic, social and political activities